Thursday, June 6, 2013

Spironolactone

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Spironolactone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
7α-acetylthio-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone
or
17-hydroxy-7α-mercapto-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone acetate
Clinical data
Trade names Aldactone
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a682627
Pregnancy cat. B3 (AU) C (US)
Legal status POM (UK) -only (US)
Routes Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding 90%+[1]
Metabolism Hepatic
Half-life 1.3-2 hours
Excretion Urine, bile
Identifiers
CAS number 52-01-7 Yes
ATC code C03DA01
PubChem CID 5833
IUPHAR ligand 2875
DrugBank DB00421
ChemSpider 5628 Yes
UNII 27O7W4T232 Yes
KEGG D00443 Yes
ChEBI CHEBI:9241 Yes
ChEMBL CHEMBL1393 Yes
Chemical data
Formula C24H32O4S 
Mol. mass 416.574 g/mol
 Yes (what is this?)  (verify)
Spironolactone (INN, BAN, USAN) (pronounced /ˌsprɵnɵˈlæktn/),[2] commonly referred to simply as "spiro",[3][4] and marketed primarily under the brand name Aldactone in most countries, is a synthetic, steroidal antimineralocorticoid agent with additional antiandrogen and weak progestogen properties, as well as some indirect estrogen and glucocorticoid effects, which is used primarily as a diuretic and antihypertensive, but also for the purpose of reducing elevated or unwanted androgen activity in the body.[5] It acts predominantly as a competitive antagonist of the aldosterone (or mineralocorticoid) receptor, and belongs to a class of pharmaceutical drugs known as potassium-sparing diuretics.
Spironolactone is a relatively old drug, having been introduced clinically in 1959.[6][7] It has been predicted that spironolactone will be superseded in cardiovascular conditions (e.g., heart failure and hypertension) by the newer agents such as the structurally related compound eplerenone, which is also an aldosterone antagonist but is selective and lacks many of the actions and side effects of spironolactone, and as such is much more tolerable in comparison.[8] However, spironolactone is still far more widely used than eplerenone. Spironolactone nonetheless still finds frequent use as an antiandrogen.

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